The fundamental intent of a comparative case studydevelopment of knowledgeapplies equally in the natural and social sciences, with the latter incorporating qualitative analysis in a discursive mode as well as the. The data use for this study is entirely secondary in nature. A case study is a story about something unique, special, or interestingstories can be about individuals, organizations, processes, programs, neighborhoods, institutions, and even events. A practical guide to the comparative case study method. Comparative effectiveness of matching methods for causal. Case studies are commonly used in social, educational, clinical, and business research. This form of case study still strives for the thick description common in single case studies. The utility and limitations of single group studies to resolve clinical questions that are inherently comparative in nature should be described clearly. In an influential article on comparative politics, lijphart 1971. Methodology in comparative studies peter johan lor. The comparative effectiveness approach to matching methodology discussed here offers an easy way to implement best practices, enabling applied researchers to choose matching solutions that improve inferences in their data rather than having to decide on a theoretical basis which matching methods may or may not work best in general. Examining the organizational use of social networking sites. Function points are a weighted total of inputs, outputs, inquiries, logical files and. The case was certified by the court as a class action.
This development has been advocated by, among others, michael quinn patton 1990. Verifying a signature architecture a comparative case study david basin 1, hironobu kuruma 2, kunihiko miyazaki2, kazuo takaragi, burkhart wol. The aim of this working paper is to introduce qca as a method to study policy processes. The case study, as a method of inquiry, is particularly suited to the field of political psychology. If implementation differs, the reasons and results can be recorded.
A comparative case study of factors distinguishing between. A comparative case study is a research approach to formulate or assess. When the approach is applied correctly, it becomes a valuable method for health science research to develop theory, evaluate programs, and develop interventions. The comparative case study can help the evaluator check whether the program theory holds for each different context and environment. A brief description a case study is an indepth examination, often undertaken over time, of a single case such as a policy, programme, intervention site, implementation process or participant. The opposite is also true, similar patterns across sites can increase the confidence in results. Case study methodology has long been a contested terrain in social sciences research which is characterized by varying, sometimes opposing, approaches espoused by many research methodologists. Comparative case studies often incorporate both qualitative and quantitative data. Many comparative methodology texts present at least a brief discussion of this issue e. Yet there is little training in political science, and even less in psychology, on how to do. Qualitative case study methodology provides tools for researchers to study complex phenomena within their contexts.
Design, use, and comparative advantages andrew bennett there is a growing consensus among social scientists that research programs advance more effectively through the iterative or collaborative use of different research methods than through the use of. Ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. Design, use, and comparative advantages andrew bennett there is a growing consensus among social scientists that research programs advance more effectively through the iterative or collaborative use of different research methods than through the use of any one method alone. Comparative case studies involve the analysis and synthesis of the similarities, differences and patterns across two or more cases that share a common focus or goal in a way that produces knowledge that is easier to generalize about causal questions how and why particular programmes or policies work or fail to work. Yin 2004 has described case study methodology as a distinctive means of empirical enquiry particularly suitable for exploring the how and why of contemporary phenomena within a reallife context. Research methodology applied to a comparative case study celcis. Qca is designed for the comparison of a small to intermediate number of cases. Introduction to comparative health systems kevin chan, md, mph, frcpc, faap assistant professor, faculty of medicine, and fellow, munk centre for international studies, university of toronto prepared as part of an education project of the global health education consortium and collaborating partners. Yin 1994 offers a very straightforward protocol approach for case study emphasizing field procedures, case study questions, and a guide for the final write up. Likewise, a comparative case study research approach is specifically well suited. Case study methodology 529 we established four prerequisites for inclusion as a case study. Comparative case study 371 numerous writings on the case study and comparative case study methods. Case study methodology has developed in the direction of eclecticism and pragmatism.
Although the data requirements of the comparative method may be much greater than for case studies, lijphart argues that they arc less demanding than for experimental or statistical research. Despite being one of the most frequently used qualitative research methodologies in educational research, the methodologists do not have a full consensus on the design and. The result has been an intellectual crossfertilization of great benefit to the comparative method. A comparative case study approach in order to facilitate the extraction of data that would most satisfactorily addresses my research question, i chose to use a comparative case study approach. In this article, we argue for a new approachthe comparative case study approachthat. Five qualitative approaches to inquiry i n this chapter, we begin our detailed exploration of narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies. Comparative case study an overview sciencedirect topics. The comparative case approach uses an iterative analysis of each case with. Rather, we are attempting to integrate observations regarding this method into a coherent program for its use in a research effort, with particular attention. Innovations in the comparative method innovations in the comparative method can be discussed in terms of the issues introduced above, encom. Grounded theory merged qualitative field study methods from the chicago school of sociology with quantitative methods of data analysis johansson, 2003, p. A case study is a detailed study of a specific subject, such as a person, group, place, event, organization, or phenomenon. Case study method enables a researcher to closely examine the data within a specific context. The recording, transcripts of interviews and all other data files were kept on a password protected.
A case study is defined by adelman, et al 1980 as the study of an instance in action. This research study is descriptive and analytical in nature. According to pickvance 2005, comparative analysis is conducted mainly to explain and gain a better understanding of the causal processes involved in the creation of an event, feature or relationship usually by bringing together variations in the explanatory variable or variables. Data are inconsistent or absent in many domains that research in other fields e. Aug 05, 2016 comparative case studies lesley bartlett and fran vavrus case study methodology is widely used across multiple disciplines and fields. In most cases, a case study method selects a small geographical area or a very limited number of individuals as the subjects of study. This tool is intended to 1 assist the researcher carry out the case study. Whether its results can be generalised in other contexts remains an open question. It enables systematic crosscase comparison without neglecting case complexity, allowing modest, mediumrange generalization and theorizing. Necessary condition logics, research design, and theory. There is a growing consensus among social scientists that research pro grams advance more effectively through the iterative or collaborative use of different research methods than through the use of any one method alone. A practical guide to the comparative case study method in. Until now, this has been hampered by widespread misunderstanding of the relation ship between statistical and qualitativehistorical methods of comparison and their respective theoretical bases. For each approach, i pose a definition, briefly trace its history, explore types of studies, introduce procedures involved in conducting a study, and indicate poten.
Qualitative research methodology was selected for this study. Verifying a signature architecture a comparative case study. Quoters must include the following details for each case study submission. Definition of the case study the most defining characteristics of case study is delimiting the object of the study. Case study as a research methodology semantic scholar. Next, we propose a new approach the comparative case study approach that. A comparative study johanna gustafsson academy of business, engineering and science halmstad university halmstad, sweden keywords. Figure 2 provides an overview of these innovations. This methodology, notes yin 2004, is particularly relevant when the researcher. Qualitative comparative analysis4 documents the configuration of conditions. Development of financial derivatives market in india a case. The primary research question for the study, what factors differ in rural appalachian elementary schools that are high and lowachieving in reading. Comparative case studies kerala state section i the study and its context the six districts, kasargod, malappuram, vynad, thiruvananthapuram, idukki and palakkad were chosen as the dpep districts in kerala on the criterion that the total literacy campaign had been successful and it generated an enhanced demand for elementary education.
Feb 23, 2015 case study methodology has long been a contested terrain in social sciences research which is characterized by varying, sometimes opposing, approaches espoused by many research methodologists. Clearly a proponent for case study research, yin openly addresses its enduring criticisms as a methodology and urges the researcher to carefully consider whether a case study is. Despite being one of the most frequently used qualitative research methodologies in educational research, the methodologists do not have a full consensus on the design and implementation of case study. The researcher gathered data through observations and interviews. The case studies shall demonstrate an agile methodology and adherence to practices found within the us digital service playbook. First, an abbreviated definition of a case study will help identify the circumstances when you might choose to use the case study method instead of or as a complement to some other research method. Besides discussing case study design, data collection, and analysis, the refresher addresses several key features of case study research. Evidence and inference in the comparative case study. In this study, financial performance of pnb and hdfc bank is evaluates and compare. Case studies in a case study the researcher explores a single entity or phenomenon the case bounded by time and activity e.
Comparative case studies lesley bartlett and fran vavrus case study methodology is widely used across multiple disciplines and fields. Research methodology applied to a comparative case study. Research question must be aligneddefine the caseunit of analysis. The expected decline in availability of fossil fuels over the next several decades, either because of resource. A comparative case study is a research approach to formulate or assess generalizations that extend across multiple cases. Three approaches to case study methods in education.
The present study attempts to discuss the genesis of derivatives trading by tracing its historical development, types of traded derivatives products, regulation and policy developments, trend and growth, future prospects and challenges of derivative market in india. The case had been filed within the several years prior to our study. Pdf a practical guide to the comparative case study method in. The comparative case study examines in rich detail the context and. Research methodology applied to a comparative case study of. Case study, single case study, multiple case studies paper type. It aims to describe, evaluate and justify the use of particular methods. Case is often used in an obfuscating sense and may be defined as place, as institution, as study participants, as unit of analysis, as concept, or even as variable. In turn, it outlines outlines an approach for the analysis of qualitative data through multilevel analysis. Doing comparative case study research in urban and.
Example evaluators used a comparative case study option. Rather than believing that one must choose to align with one paradigm or the other, i advocate a paradigm of choices. Each case study submission is limited to 3 pages in pdf format. Yin 2004 has described case study methodology as a distinctive means of empirical enquiry particularly. Comparativeresearch methods 5 case selection and research designs forallfiveresearchgoals,theselectionofwhichcasesareincludedinthecomparison iscrucial. The comparative case study examines in rich detail the context and features of two or more instances of specific phenomena. The field of political psychology has become increasingly populated with individuals capable of. We are not intending to provide an array of novel reasons to use the case study method. Our discussion of theory and method in comparative research dif. Apr 20, 2011 many comparative methodology texts present at least a brief discussion of this issue e. The purpose of this paper is to guide the novice researcher in identifying the key elements for designing and.
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